The Welfare State

HISTORY OF THE WELFARE STATE: The role and significance of the Beveridge Report in establishing the Welfare State in Britain. The purpose of this essay is to look at the long history of the Welfare State in Britain and the evolving social, economic and political changes in society today, as well as the birth of the Welfare State after the Second World War which was the turning point (watershed) in British History.The freshly appointed Labour government by then took on the job of setting up a ‘welfare state’ that would systematically deal with the ‘five giant evils’ proposed by William Beveridge in a report, which later became known as the Beveridge report. The British welfare state, if it is to be defined, it is generally incorporated with Sir William Beveridge and the after war period.Welfare State is the concept in which government plays a key role in protecting and promoting the economic and social well-being of its citizens, based on the principles of eq ual opportunity in the distribution of wealth and public responsibility for those who lack the minimal provisions for a good life, for example good health, education and basic income (Abercrombie and Warde 2000). Is it the responsibility of a government to provide for its citizen, what about the cost, because it can lead to ever-increasing public spending that the government may find difficult to sustain.According to Abercrombie and Warde (2000) the term ‘welfare state’ was invented, following the Second World War when Social policy was developing. During the Second World War, the coalition government headed by Winston Churchill, the conservative party torch bearer deliberately planned the creation of a better Britain than the one in which many people have lived in the poverty-stricken 1930s.Plans were drafted and policies were generated which were to ensure that, in peacetime, there would be a family support system, good health care for all, more jobs will be made avai lable as well as creating new towns and adequate housing (Walsh et al, 2000). However, in 1941, during the Second World War, Sir William Beveridge was given a task by Winston Churchill (wartime prime minister of the coalition government) to head an interdepartmental committee of civil servants in an nvestigation and evaluate the national insurance policies as well as suggestions of ways to improve them (Addison, 2005). But, according to Walsh et al (2000) Beveridge went further than the original terms of references given him. In the final statement know as the ‘Beveridge report’ ( ), it was introduced by its architect, Sir William Beveridge, to the British parliament in 1942. Throughout this report, Beveridge kept mentioning the abolition of ‘want’ which was believed to be the major problem at the time.He predicted major reforms in health, housing, and education; because the policies needed to attack the five giant evils were set out in detail in his report . The five giant evils were want, disease, ignorance, idleness and squalor by which he meant poverty, unemployment, poor housing and lack of access to decent education and health care. This report was radical and became popular partly because of its promise of social security for all, and partly because it brings to mind the vision of the peacetime life promised by Winston Churchill at that time for which million were longing (Abercrombie and Warde 2000).Winston Churchill was not happy because the Beveridge report brought up issues which distracted people’s attention from the Second World War as well as threatening to produce controversy between the coalition governments. He also disapproved of the Beveridge report on the ground that no government could commit in advance the expenditure involved, thus, confusions between the Conservative and the Labour members and this affected his election champagne during the post war (Addison, 2005).William Beveridge recommendations based on social survey, were designed to tackle poverty primarily through the development of a national social security system, providing income security ‘from the cradle to the grave’( life -long) that will for the first time allowed the British people to have real income security that would be available to everyone regardless of means testing.As much as the ‘five giant’ differs from each other, there is a connection between the five of them, for example, unemployment in society causes people to lack financially and this can lead to lack of good medical care, want, poor housing and etc. The Five giant evils; Want, essentially this refers to poverty or lack, during the post war a lot of the British people were in need, they had no basic financial support and health care to keep them alive as well as keeping them above the poverty line by which income does not cover necessities.Due to lack of financial support people could not afford education and this resulted in lack of knowledge which is referred to as Ignorance, this was due to poor education. To make matter worst there was no national health care because, this had to be paid for, but there was no money and medical care was not free and this led to the outbreak of many diseases such as cholera, this was also linked to want, no money no medical care.Nevertheless, there were hospitals and only the rich in society could afford medical treatment, however, today the welfare state had made medical treatment available for all regardless of employment status. People were living in slums because there was poor housing and this was referred to as squalors, there is no difference today even though the welfare state has made provision for housing and some of these houses have been turned into slums by their occupant.Occupant of these houses don’t care to keep these houses clean because it cost them nothing, this giant is called Squalor, it is still with us today. The last giant was referred t o as Idleness, this was due to the hangover from depressions from the time of unemployment, today some people have chosen to stay idle, because the state will feed and house them. As much as the welfare state is good, the Victorian ‘workhouses’ would have been helpful in dealing with idleness in society, because one would need to work at the workhouse in order to get help from the state.The Beveridge report was an important document because it set out detailed policies for the attack needed to destroy the five giant evils, though the five giant evils were not destroyed completely, however, the Beveridge report left a legacy, the NHS and now there is nothing like absolute poverty in Britain as compare to the years before the Second World War when people use to actually sleep in slum, therefore the Beveridge report was a blueprint on which the welfare state was emerged because it helped shape Britain’s social policies. (Naidoo and Wills, 2008). The publication of t he Beveridge report was a great success.Majority of the British public welcomed the report’s finding and wished to see them implemented as quickly as possible according to an opinion poll (national archives, 2003). This shows the extent to which the population had shifted to the left wing (representing the Labour party) during the course of the Second World War. The post war election, in June 1945 resulted in a landslide victory for the Labour Party led by Clement Attlee , who promised in their election campaign that they will tackle Beveridge’s five giant evils and established ‘New Jerusalem’ which was reluctantly rejected by Winston Churchill.To implement the Beveridge’s report, the Labour party attacked the ‘five giant evil’ by passing legislations, though they were not completely destroyed, however, one of the giant called disease, the most famous tackled by the Labour government left the state with a legacy, the 1946 National Healt h Service Act which meant free accessible health care system for all beginning in 1948, though it was hugely expensive. In 1946 the national insurance act was passed to tackled the giant called ‘want’ making provisions for the unemployed and pregnant women, pension for the retired and etc.The education Act 1944, a conservative idea to tackle ‘ignorance’ so education was made free, the school leaving age was moved to 16 years previously 15. In 1947 Labour passed the education act into law. In 1948 the employment and training act was passed to tackle both ‘ignorance’ and ‘idleness’ making provision for school leavers , demobbed service men to train and established a skilled workforce. In addition, council house buildings and full employment was made possible by a better economy after the war. The five giants were tackled, but were not destroyed, because poverty has always lived with society.Comparably, there is nothing like absolute poverty in Britain today unlike before the welfare state when people had to make their homes in slums. Welfare states vary temporally as well as geographically. Like time welfare states do not stand still. Their evolution depends on choices made within restrictions (Powell, 1999). According to Marx (1999) welfare states make their own histories, but not within circumstances of their own choosing (cited in Powell, 1999). Today, the recommendations and policies that were detailed in the Beveridge eport to tackle poverty primarily through the development of a national social security system are still considered to provide the foundation of the modern welfare state References Lambert, T (2010). A Brief History of Poverty [online]. Available from: http://www. localhistories. org/povhist. html. [Accessed on 25th January 2011] National Archive (2003). The Welfare State [online]. Available from: http://www. nationalarchives. gov. uk/pathways/citizenship/brave_new_world/welfare. htm. [Access ed on 30th January 2011] Addison, P. 2005) Churchill The Unexpected Hero. New York: Oxford University Press. Abercrombie, N. And Warde, A. (2000) Contemporary British Society. Third Edition. Cambridge: Polity Press. Naidoo, J. and Wills, J. (2008) Health Studies An Introduction. Second Edition. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Lowe, R. (1999) The Welfare State In Britain Since 1945. Second Edition. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Powell, M. (1999) New Labour, New Welfare State? Bristol: Policy Press. Osborne, R. and Loon, B. V. (2004) Introducing Sociology. Cambridge: Icon Books Limited.

The Jack Roller

Peter Wilke Professor Callais Analysis Paper February 11, 2013 The Jack Roller In the book The Jack Roller author Clifford Shaw is a criminologist who has researched many different youthful deviants to see exactly when the deviance begins and how it evolves. The book dives deep into the mind of a particular case of a boy named Stanley in Chicago during the 1920’s. From the beginning of the book Stanley is abused by his stepmother often being set aside so she could tend to here actual children. I believe this book is most accurately depicts the social learning theory.Stanley has been exposed to a multitude of positive outlooks of crime from his family and friends at an extremely young age. I support the blank slate theory because in the very beginning of the book Stanley’s stepmother encourages him to act in deviant behavior. â€Å"One day my stepmother told William to take me to the railroad yard to break into box-cars. † (52-53). So Stanley has been taken under the wing of his step-brother who is stealing stuff for there stepmother, in return they are rewarded for stealing. This is a perfect example of an exposing Stanley to a positive outlook on crime.With this happening it kick started Stanley’s deviant behavior he began stealing for fun for many years, constantly being picked up by the police and taken to detentions homes which were not much of a punishment for him. Stanley enjoyed being in the detention home more than his real home so the consequence for his criminal behavior almost was a reward for him. In the detention home, Stanley was able to meet other criminal that furthermore gave him positive reinforcement of crime, â€Å"I was really awed by the bravery and wisdom of the older crooks. Their stories of adventure fascinated my childish imagination, and I felt drawn to them. (57). These criminal that Stanley met inspired him; they gave him someone to look up to, someone that he could aspire to be through crime. After bein g released Stanley was picked up by his step mother only to run away yet again to survive a couple days then be picked up by the police on the street. This process happened a multitude of times until eventually he was sent to the St. Charles School for Boys. â€Å"The strict discipline, hard punishment, no recreation, fear, and unfair breaks made life miserable. † (68). St. Charles was the first negative consequence for his crimes.Stanley was absolutely miserable there and yearned to get out just to go back to stealing. In observing this book you realize that all Stanley knows is crime, he frequently is in and out of a job, and keeps one for rarely over a month. Stanley knows nothing but crime it has been engraved into his â€Å"clean slate†, and he has learned how to survive off of it. After serving 16 months Stanley was released for St. Charles only to be arrested not soon after and return back to St. Charles for another month. After being released Stanley makes some what of an attempt at earning his money honestly and goes though a multitude of jobs.He starts out living with this stepsister, only to be kicked out because of missing rent. He then meets a very friendly woman who takes him into her homes and lets him live. Stanley enjoys the company of this woman and uses her as somewhat of an emotional release, â€Å"This time I was not afraid, but felt a wave of depression and sadness come over me, because a woman was offering me sympathy; something I had never received before. † (76). Stanley lived with this woman for about a month soon to find out she was a prostitute, although he was shocked he did not condemn her for it and Stanley understood.He still left her to go to the YMCA only to return to the detention home. The interaction with Stanley and the prostitute enforces the social learning theory because it is exposing Stanley to his first mother figure that is a criminal. The only positive female influence in his entire life makes h er living based off of crime; one could see how this could impact such an impressionable youthful mind. Eventually the vice president of a company he worked for took in Stanley, the man had no children and was very wealthy.Stanley enjoyed living with him and his wife but yearned for the freedom of his city, and at the first opportunity gather up his money and ran away. After this Stanley began to become involved in much more elaborate burglaries and â€Å" Jack Rolling†, he became with a â€Å"gang† of other boys and was making a large amount of money robbing and stealing. â€Å"So we plied our trade with a howling success for two months. Sometimes we made as much as two hundred dollars in a single day. † (97), this expressed an enormous positive reinforcement of crime to Stanley.Stanley has never made this type of money in his life before, it is much more fun and easier in his opinion than working a job and you can make much more than a job. In this book I beli eve Stanley was raised on a life of crime, nearly everything he was exposed to provided a positive outlook on this crime. He simply never was exposed to any real punishment before it was to late. All of the friendly people he met were criminals, such as the prostitute and his gang, he made a large amount of money â€Å"jack rolling†, and he enjoyed the ego from his criminal record with all the respect it earned him from the youth.The social learning theory supports Stanley’s case because his family, peers, school, and his environment all directed him into a life of crime. The other possible theory I could see one choosing would be the control theory, assuming that people are naturally inclined to commit crime could seem like it could fit Stanley’s case. The reason I did not choose it is because the environment that Stanley was in I feel created him. His stepmother, his siblings and stepsiblings, the detention home, his gang, and people such as the prostitute all impacted his deviant life an extreme amount. The Jack Roller Peter Wilke Professor Callais Analysis Paper February 11, 2013 The Jack Roller In the book The Jack Roller author Clifford Shaw is a criminologist who has researched many different youthful deviants to see exactly when the deviance begins and how it evolves. The book dives deep into the mind of a particular case of a boy named Stanley in Chicago during the 1920’s. From the beginning of the book Stanley is abused by his stepmother often being set aside so she could tend to here actual children. I believe this book is most accurately depicts the social learning theory.Stanley has been exposed to a multitude of positive outlooks of crime from his family and friends at an extremely young age. I support the blank slate theory because in the very beginning of the book Stanley’s stepmother encourages him to act in deviant behavior. â€Å"One day my stepmother told William to take me to the railroad yard to break into box-cars. † (52-53). So Stanley has been taken under the wing of his step-brother who is stealing stuff for there stepmother, in return they are rewarded for stealing. This is a perfect example of an exposing Stanley to a positive outlook on crime.With this happening it kick started Stanley’s deviant behavior he began stealing for fun for many years, constantly being picked up by the police and taken to detentions homes which were not much of a punishment for him. Stanley enjoyed being in the detention home more than his real home so the consequence for his criminal behavior almost was a reward for him. In the detention home, Stanley was able to meet other criminal that furthermore gave him positive reinforcement of crime, â€Å"I was really awed by the bravery and wisdom of the older crooks. Their stories of adventure fascinated my childish imagination, and I felt drawn to them. (57). These criminal that Stanley met inspired him; they gave him someone to look up to, someone that he could aspire to be through crime. After bein g released Stanley was picked up by his step mother only to run away yet again to survive a couple days then be picked up by the police on the street. This process happened a multitude of times until eventually he was sent to the St. Charles School for Boys. â€Å"The strict discipline, hard punishment, no recreation, fear, and unfair breaks made life miserable. † (68). St. Charles was the first negative consequence for his crimes.Stanley was absolutely miserable there and yearned to get out just to go back to stealing. In observing this book you realize that all Stanley knows is crime, he frequently is in and out of a job, and keeps one for rarely over a month. Stanley knows nothing but crime it has been engraved into his â€Å"clean slate†, and he has learned how to survive off of it. After serving 16 months Stanley was released for St. Charles only to be arrested not soon after and return back to St. Charles for another month. After being released Stanley makes some what of an attempt at earning his money honestly and goes though a multitude of jobs.He starts out living with this stepsister, only to be kicked out because of missing rent. He then meets a very friendly woman who takes him into her homes and lets him live. Stanley enjoys the company of this woman and uses her as somewhat of an emotional release, â€Å"This time I was not afraid, but felt a wave of depression and sadness come over me, because a woman was offering me sympathy; something I had never received before. † (76). Stanley lived with this woman for about a month soon to find out she was a prostitute, although he was shocked he did not condemn her for it and Stanley understood.He still left her to go to the YMCA only to return to the detention home. The interaction with Stanley and the prostitute enforces the social learning theory because it is exposing Stanley to his first mother figure that is a criminal. The only positive female influence in his entire life makes h er living based off of crime; one could see how this could impact such an impressionable youthful mind. Eventually the vice president of a company he worked for took in Stanley, the man had no children and was very wealthy.Stanley enjoyed living with him and his wife but yearned for the freedom of his city, and at the first opportunity gather up his money and ran away. After this Stanley began to become involved in much more elaborate burglaries and â€Å" Jack Rolling†, he became with a â€Å"gang† of other boys and was making a large amount of money robbing and stealing. â€Å"So we plied our trade with a howling success for two months. Sometimes we made as much as two hundred dollars in a single day. † (97), this expressed an enormous positive reinforcement of crime to Stanley.Stanley has never made this type of money in his life before, it is much more fun and easier in his opinion than working a job and you can make much more than a job. In this book I beli eve Stanley was raised on a life of crime, nearly everything he was exposed to provided a positive outlook on this crime. He simply never was exposed to any real punishment before it was to late. All of the friendly people he met were criminals, such as the prostitute and his gang, he made a large amount of money â€Å"jack rolling†, and he enjoyed the ego from his criminal record with all the respect it earned him from the youth.The social learning theory supports Stanley’s case because his family, peers, school, and his environment all directed him into a life of crime. The other possible theory I could see one choosing would be the control theory, assuming that people are naturally inclined to commit crime could seem like it could fit Stanley’s case. The reason I did not choose it is because the environment that Stanley was in I feel created him. His stepmother, his siblings and stepsiblings, the detention home, his gang, and people such as the prostitute all impacted his deviant life an extreme amount.

The American Revolution - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 823 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/04/26 Category History Essay Level High school Topics: American Revolution Essay Did you like this example? The Revolutionary War Americas freedom did not come easily. Americans were neglected and troubled by Great Britain. Something had to change. Something sparked rebellion. They couldnt stand it any longer: America needed freedom from Britain. America started a rebellion. Some merchants started smuggling goods from other countries to avoid paying Britain. Britain wanted to tax America and Americans had to rebel in some way. America was getting anxious: they started a major war. This is how America would fight, fight for their rights. Many battles were fought and many troops died; they persisted, persevered until they got what they wanted. Eventually America pulled through and defeated Great Britain. Now America had their hard earned freedom. Their democracy was much different from the monarchy they were forced to serve in. America had fought and battled for a long time to get what they wanted; they smuggled tea to hurt British tea companies, started one of the biggest wars in history, and eventually persevered to get what they deserved. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The American Revolution" essay for you Create order This desire towards freedom got America thinking. They became aware of what Britain was doing. Britain enforced the Townshend acts: they taxed America for all British goods imported into America. These acts started causing America to lose money. Eventually, Britain removed all of the Townshend acts except for the one on tea. Merchants started to smuggle tea from the Netherlands. This hurt the British tea company drastically. As a sign of rebellion to the Townshend act, Samuel Adams led a group of rebels all dressed up as Mohawk Indians. He led his group onto a British tea ship and dumped all of the tea overboard. This particular event infuriated Britain. As a result, they placed the intolerable acts upon America. One act declared that the Boston harbor was to be closed until America paid for the damage and learned to respect Great Britain. A convention of delegates was formed to resist the acts. This group was later named the Continental Congress. A little before the tea party Britain had troops stationed in Boston. America started a riot: the people were angry. They were yelling and threatening the British troops. The troops were frightened. This caused them to blind-fire into the huge crowd. Because of these shots, five innocent people were killed. America was furious with Britain. To help spread propaganda, America nicknamed the event The Boston Massacre. By now America was furious and desired independence. They decided to take a stand: war was created. On April 18,1775 Paul Revere rode on horseback through Lexington and Concord. He was yelling The British are coming! The British are coming! This allowed American citizens to prepare for the oncoming British troops. Townspeople gathered up on a hidden hill ready to fight. At dawn April 19,1775 British soldiers approached the town. The townspeople, also called minutemen, fired at the soldiers. However, seven minutemen were killed whereas only one British troop was wounded. This was the first battle of the war. The next large battle was the battle of Bunker Hill. On June 17, 1775 British forces attacked Americas outpost on Breeds Hill. At this time the American forces were in the hands of George Washington. He told them Dont fire until you see the whites of their eyes!. This motto conserved ammo. America took out multiple waves of British soldiers faster and more efficiently because they saved their ammo while the British wasted it. This battle was announced to be the bloodiest battle of the whole war. 400 Patriots were killed along as 1000 British troops that were killed. Throughout the entire war, America was still driven by the thought of freedom and kept dreaming until the end. Independence was gained in 1783. America had freedom: they were no longer controlled by Great Britain. America was completely free and had no mother country to control their decisions. They made the choices now. No mother countries meant no more taxes and unbearable laws. America could now spend their time and money on their own country and import whatever they wanted from wherever they wanted. The country became a democracy; George Washington was elected as the first president of the United States on April 30, 1789. America was no longer a monarchy: no more king. Since America was a democracy, the citizens got say in the countrys decisions: they could all vote for the countrys leader. Eventually, America persevered and gained what they deserved: independence. In the beginning, America was owned by Great Britain. Britain was controlling, forceful, and America needed change. They started many rebellions: they dumped tea to resist the townshend acts, they smuggled goods from the Netherlands to hurt British companies, America started a devastating but powerful war. America definitely wanted freedom wanted it badly. In the end, America broke free from Britains tight grasp. America worked hard to gain freedom and they deserved every bit of it. They persevered. They never gave up. They accomplished their long term goal of independence. America was freed.

Predictors, Effects and Prevention of Obesity among Children

Summary Children nowadays suffer from diseases which were once considered to target mostly adults. Obesity is one such disease. Research has shown that child obesity has risen dramatically in recent years. This is raising grave concern among health care professionals, experts and parents. This paper strives to examine, describe and evaluate the plethora of factors, contributors and consequences of child obesity in the UK and internationally. Body weight is reflected by a combination of culture, behaviours, education, genes, metabolism, eating habits and social status. Children who carry a lot of excess weight in the form of body fat are classed as being obese. Even though obese children are less prone to developing the health problems obese adults face, they are highly likely to sustain their condition as they are growing up, thus turning into obese adults. Approximately one third of children in the UK aged between 2 and 15 are considered either obese or overweight (National Obesity Observatory 2012). The vast majority of childhood obesity represents an imbalance between the ingested calories and the expended calories. Other causes may include inherited or metabolic disorders, although these are very rare (National Obesity Observatory 2012). Treatment and, more importantly, prevention of obesity is dependent on the actions of all levels of society. Responsibility and measures are taken from health professionals, teachers, the food industry, parents, andShow MoreRelatedObesity And Pregnancy : Early Education And Prevention1290 Words   |  6 PagesObesity and Pregnancy: Early education and prevention Alicia Gonzalez de Arreola ENG 122: English Composition Professor Amy Erickson August 25, 2014 â€Æ' Obesity and Pregnancy: Early Education and Prevention Obesity has become an epidemic not only in the United States, it is worldwide (Sullivan, 2014). Obesity affects both mother and child leading to severe complications during and after birth, therefore measures should be taken to monitor and educate women and women who plan on becoming pregnant.Read MoreChildhood Obesity : A Worldwide Health Issue921 Words   |  4 PagesChildhood Obesity Obesity is known to be a worldwide health issue, with the greatest concentrations of obese individuals in developed countries. 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Widespread obesity has been the extreme result of these changes. I chose this topic because I have worked with children all of my life. I plan to continue my work with children in the future

This Year, I Have Noticed That Many Of My Students Struggle

This year, I have noticed that many of my students struggle with organization which is why I chose this option. One aid that I would implement in my classroom is having students prioritize tasks by creating lists in order of importance. Within one class period, students are completing a variety of tasks and sometimes they tend to spend too much time on the least important tasks. For example, when students enter my classroom they take out their Do Now, which is a grammar packet for the week, and complete it while I check homework, students pass in notes, etc. After a certain amount of time, students are asked to put their Do Now away so that we can transition into our next class activity. However, many times I will see students attempting†¦show more content†¦Then, I would answer any questions students may have and let them know that we would be using this type of checklist from now on. Some students may require their own specific checklist, if they are very far behind, or a re expected to complete different assignments than others. These checklists can be completed quickly with the student at the beginning of class or could be pre-written for them and put on their desk. Overall, I think that this is an important aid to implement in the classroom because it will help students learn to prioritize tasks while completing assignments that are the most valuable in the classroom. This text included many useful supports and strategies that can be implemented in the classroom to improve classroom management. The chapter that I found the most information was Chapter ten which focused on students’ behaviors and how to help them make appropriate choices in the classroom. One change that I would make to my current classroom management plan is to teach self-regulation to my students. 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Financial Management Tools Financial Decision

Question: Discuss about the Financial Management Tools for Financial Decision. Answer: Introduction This report is helpful to develop the deep understanding about the financial management tools for taking the financial decision in a company. James fishers and sons is the company that has been selected in this report. This company operates its business all over the UK. The report covers an analysis of different types of ratios, financial stability, and liquidity and profit earnings for purpose of assessing the investment opportunity in its stocks. James Fisher and Sons plc is leading service provider of the Marines and Oil and Gas base industries. The company also provides customized solutions and services in the nuclear, construction and transportation sectors. The company provides the innovative solutions to the industries in the most critical areas of their operations and satisfies the customers worldwide. The total numbers of employees were 2747 in the year 2016 and the presence of their group companies in 25 countries at different parts of the world (James Fisher and Sons Plc, 2016). The annual turnover of the company is 437.93m and the market capitalization of the company is 793.30 million (CityWireMoney, 2017). The main strategy of the company is to gain the excellence in their core areas at the global level. Identify Profits, Earnings, and 5-year trend and ratio calculations As per the table and figure, it indicates that the company net profit of the company was 24.12 in Dec 2011 and 40.07 in 2015 so it is identified that the net profit of the company is increased by 60.19%.The reason behind the increase in net profit is the increase or decrease of price of the units. The companys cost such as the cost of finance and common cost (Fixed and Variable cost) is decreased as compared to previous years. These are the main indicators behind the increase in the percentage of profit in last five years. Similarly, revenue of the company is also increased by 307.62 to 437.93 in 2015 i.e. 70.24% from 2011.It is indicated that the company successfully innovations in their services to meet the changing needs of the customers as well as the company used the effective price strategies to maintain the revenue in the last five years. Moreover, the Earnings per share (EPS) of the company is also increased from last five years that is shown in below figure. From the last 5 years, it is identified that the companys increased their dividends on per share i.e. 16.1 to 23.8 it is indicated that the company achieved the good net profits in past years so that they distribute the dividends to its shareholders more (Michael et.al, 2015). And the second reason is that the companys also earns the sufficient profits in their different divisions and also plan to seek more growth and expansion in other areas. As per the above indicators discussed, it reveals that the growth of the company is substantially good in major areas of their operations. It assesses the capabilities of the company to derive profits from its operations. Below given table discuss the profitability ratios of the company for their 5 year period time. Profit margin ratio of the company indicates the higher percentage in the year 2012 it means that the company achieves the highest profit over their sales or revenue. After that, the profit ratio is increased i.e. 9.29 in 2015 as compare to their previous years. The profit margin is increased because the company performs effectively in their area of operations and company reduced their operating expenses. Similarly, the lowest profit margin is recorded in 2011 i.e. 7.84% which means that the competition in the industry was high and company did not produce the economies of scale and the pricing strategies also affected the net profit margin of the company (AccountingExplained, 2016). Similarly, on the other hand, Return on Assets ratio indicated the highest percentage in the year 2012 i.e. 11.15% and lowest in 2011 and 2015 i.e. 7.05 and 8.02.It seems that the company effectively used their assets to generate income. Currently, the ROA ratio is 8.02% it means that the company should e ffectively use their assets by reduced the cost and monitors the expenses of the assets periodically. Also, company can increase the revenues that help the company to increase the percentage of ROA. These ratios affect the financial performance of the business and impact the level of competition in the industry (BDC, 2016). Dividends ratios and their influence on financial performance. Dividend payout ratio is the important ratio for the investors to analyse the sustainable dividends from the company. The consistent trend in the ratio is considered as good as compared to high and low ratio. As per the table, it seems that the company pay out the dividends to their investors at a uniform rate for last 5 years. It seems that the companys operating performance is good and it capable of paying the dividends in future. The company paid 30% dividends to the shareholders in 2015 and 33% in 2011 it indicates that the company manage their debt and operating expenses effectively that improves the financial performance in future. Similarly, dividend yield ratio refers that the cash amount distributed by the company to its shareholders relative to the market value of each share (Gibson, 2012). It seems that the shareholders got 3.20% on the market value of per share and that is highest as compared to the previous years. It means that the investors money is appreciated in the c ompanys assets or stocks. The lowest yield ratio is recorded in the year 2013 i.e. 1.60% it means that the company cannot give the appropriate values to the investors according to the market value of the each share. Dividend ratios help the financial performance of the company; if the shareholders or investors are wealthier then it would be the indication for the company for more capital and investments. It seems that the company gives a uniform percentage of payout to the investors from 2013 to 2015.It also indicates that the company effectively managed their operations in these years and improved their performance effectively. Large dividends payouts are riskier for their future earnings. Financial stability and Liquidity ratios and their impact on financial performance of the company. Financial stability of the company is measured by the solvency ratio. In this ratio, it evaluates the companys debts to its assets and equity (FT, 2016). The debt to equity ratio of the company in below figures indicates that the 1.33 in 2015 which is higher than the previous years. It is indicated that the companys liabilities is increased as compared to its equities. The highest debt to equity ratio is recorded in the year 2011 i.e. 1.60 and after that, there is a subsequent decrease in their ratio levels from 2012-2014.From the above analysis of the 5-year trend ratios, it is assumed that the company has effectively managed their debts in these periods and generated their outstanding money from creditors on time. As per the risk perspective, the current year ratio is not good because it affects the cash flow of the business and company could not take effective decisions in operating and finance activities of their business. The higher debt ratio level limits the credit availabilit y of the company in future (Investing, 2016). The availability of credit is difficult for the company from the various lenders. So the company needs to maintain the debt equity ratio for better investments and extension of business in future. A uniform debt ratio helps the company to attract more investors and credit availability. On the other side the current ratio of the company is recorded highest in 2011 and 2012 i.e. 1.72 it indicated that the company was strongly capable to pay off its short term obligations. The good current ratio is considered is more than 1.After that there is slightly reduction in the ratios in 2013 and 2014 that indicated that the companys was not effectively maintain their inventory levels and working capitals that reduce the ratio levels. Similarly, in 2015 it went up to 1.58 that depicts that the company effectively manages their inventories and generates cash from their debtors to pay off its obligations in short span of time. As per the analysis of the solvency and liquidity ratios of the company it is consider that the company should effectively manage their ratios for good performance in the future. It is considered that the companys ratios reveals the good opportunity for investors to make investments in their projects. Research information about the company that affects the performance of company. This news is related to the BAE system testing of the technology for the ship energy assessment which is enhancing the condition optimization and routing enhancement system. It has impacted the transformation and ship maintenance of the UK companies (Navel technology, 2016). This news was released to develop the technology to monitor the equipment, fuel and energy that can help marine industry in future for better decisions in real time. BAE system is the leading system of the technology to suppliers that helps to monitor the fuel and energy performance of the ships and cargos. This system testing technology was provided by the James Fisher and sons plc in Northern Europe. It is used to monitor the operational performance of vessels at sea to inform potential inefficiencies (Marty, 2012). The SEA CORES is designed to reduce the complexities in the organization. This technique is used for analysis of the performance of the vessels to coordinate with environmental conditions such as weather, energy consumption and performance of ships in marine industry (Nick and Jos, 2012). The usage of BAE system impacts the management decisions such as enables the operator to reduce fuel consumption and minimize wear of the engines, and helps to save costs and increase the availability of the fleet to fulfill operational commitments around the world. Reflection on the company portrayed by journalists and other financial reports James fishers and sons is the leading brand of UK. It offers services to all sectors of marine industry and specialist suppliers of engineering services to the energy industry. It operates its businesses in marine support, offshore oil, specialist technical and tank ship division of the northern European regions (James fishers and sons.com, 2016). James fishers and sons is adopted the BAE system technologies for offering better services to ships in marine sector (Leonard and William, 2013). These are helpful to organization to use the Energy assessment system (EAS) and system information exploitation system (SIE) technology in productive manner. Both the technologies are beneficial for the optimization of fuel consumption and engine efficiency (Brain and kees, 2015). The company can also use the other strategies to optimize the vessels performance in marine sector. Further, this technology provides the valuable information to the company, which helps to better understand how to operate the fleet (Stephen, 2015). However, it is reducing the speed that may affect fuel and management of the optimum speed of the engine. Evaluate the corporate governance. Describe the role of executive directors, non- executive directors and combined code of corporate governance. Corporate governance report of James fishers and sons ensures accountability of different stakeholders towards shareholders by maintaining will disciplined the corporate code of conduct in the marine industry (Alice, 2016). The corporate governance is currently consists of 7 broad of directors such as chief executive officers, non- executive chairman, group finance directors and 4 non-executive directors. All these broad of members contribute towards the established the ethical standard; define strategies and financial objective of the company. Role of executive and non-executive directors: The broad members of James fisher and sons take decisions for betterment of company. Board members are responsible for long-term success of the company with correct strategic direction, management and control employees in the organization. The executive officers role is to take care of day-to-day responsibility of the company (Charles, 2016). Executive directors work for the companys long-term sustainable growth. While non-executive directors have the business and commercial experience to bring independent and objective, judgment by bearing in minds the challenges. Constructively the Executive Directors helps to identify solutions of issues of strategy, performance, resource and standards of conduct. Well-balanced decisions from Non-Executive and Executive Directors enable clear and effective leadership and maintain the highest standards of integrity across the Groups business activities (Richard and John, 2016). Each Non-Executive Director is expected to commit sufficient time to in Board and Committee meetings and to stay in touch with the senior management, shareholders and other stakeholders of company. The combined code is set of best practices applied in the organization for sustainable growth in the market (Thomas et.al, 2015). It was provided by financial reporting council of the corporate governance of the UK. The corporate governance has set of the provisions of the combined code of every company for broad of directors, and relation with shareholders, remuneration and auditing and accountability, leadership and effectiveness of company. In the report of corporate governance, code of financial reporting council helps to better understand each department of the company. It includes board of director, accountability, effectiveness, leadership and relation with the shareholders of the company (financial reporting council, 2016). The broad of director are executive and non-executive director of the company. Relationship with shareholders is also kept in mind while designing combined code by corporate governance. The good corporate governance is important for achievement of the goals and target of the company in effective way. Analysis of Asset value per share and current market share price and investment opportunities for investor After analysis of the asset value per share and current market value of share, it can be concluded that the company has the potential shown incremental market price per share and asset value of per share in last 5 years. Further it has also been analyzed that the company dividend payout ratio has increased in 2015 as compared to past years. This can make the shares of company attractive in capital market (Anderson, 2014). Therefore, it can be suggested to the investor to invest their money in this company, as it will be beneficial for future return over their investment. Conclusion From the above report, it is concluded that it would be a productive investment decisions for investors to invest their money in stocks of James Fisher and sons plc. The market price per share of this company has continuously increased in last 5 years. This could provide the capital gain benefit to shareholders. Along with this, the dividend yield ratio of company has increased from 2012 to 2015 continuously. It also depicts good opportunity for investors to invest their money in this company. Further, it can be concluded the BAE system techniques are applied in the company to enhance the performance of the company. This technique would be helpful to company for improving operational efficiency and reducing cost of different operations. This way, it can maximize companys profitability. References AccountingExplained (2016) Return On Assets (ROA) Ratio [Online] Available at: https://accountingexplained.com/financial/ratios/return-on-assets (Accessed by: 17th January 2017) BDC (2016) 4 ways to assess your business performance using financial ratios [Online] Available at: https://www.bdc.ca/en/articles-tools/money-finance/manage-finances/pages/financial-ratios-4-ways-assess-business.aspx (Accessed by: 17th January 2017) CityWireMoney (2017) James Fisher and Sons plc (FSJ.L) [Online] Available at: https://citywire.co.uk/money/share-prices-and-performance/share-factsheet.aspx?InstrumentID=1210 (Accessed by: 17th January 2017) Finanical Times (2016) Equities [Online] Available at: https://markets.ft.com/data/equities/tearsheet/financials?s=FSJ:LSE (Accessed by: 18th January 2017) Gibson, H. C. (2012) Financial Reporting and Analysis. USA: Cengage Learning. Investing (2016) Financials [Online] Available at: https://www.investing.com/equities/james-fisher-and-sons-balance-sheet?cid=32794 (Accessed by: 18th January 2017) James Fisher and Sons plc (2016) About James Fisher [Online] Available at: https://www.james-fisher.com/about/ (Accessed by: 17th January 2016) LondonStockExchange (2016) FSJ FISHER (JAMES) SONS PLC ORD 25P [Online] Available at: https://www.londonstockexchange.com/exchange/prices/stocks/summary/fundamentals.html?fourWayKey=GB0003395000GBGBXSTMM (Accessed by: 17th January 2017) Market watch (2016) James Fisher Sons PLC [Online] Available at: https://www.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/fsj/financials/balance-sheet (Accessed by: 18th Janauary 2017) Navel technology (2016) BAE System tests new SEA-CORES technology to improve ship maintenance. News, views and contracts from the global naval industry, 17 January [Online] available at: https://www.naval-technology.com/news/newsbae-systems-tests-new-sea-cores-technology-to-improve-ship-maintenance-5005844 (Accessed on 17 January 2017) James fishers and sons.com. (2016) About us [Online] available at: https://www.james-fisher.com/about/ (Accessed on 17 January 2017). Klettner, A. (2016) Corporate governance of regulation: the changing roles and responsibility of boards of directors.UK: Routledge. Rice, C. (2016) annual report and account, corporate governance report, PP.25. [Online] available at: https://www.jamesfisher.com/files/5014/5933/3634/Corporate_goverance_report_James_Fisher_Annual_Report_2015_WEB.pdf (Accessed on 17 January 2017). Leblanc, R., and Fraser, J. (2016) the handbook of broad governance: A comprehensive guide for public, private and non-profit broad members. USA: John Wiley and sons. Haperen, V.K., and Wilson, B. (2015) Soft system thinking, methodology and the management of change.UK: Palgrave Macmillan. Dam, V.N., and Marcus, J. (2012) Organisation and management: An international approach. UK: Routledge. Financial reporting council (2016) The UK Corporate Governance Code, corporate governance, pp.1-32[Online] available at: https://www.frc.org.uk/Our-Work/Publications/Corporate-Governance/Final-Draft-UK-Corporate-Governance-Code-2016.pdf (Accessed on 18 January 2017). Investing.com (2017) James Fisher Sons plc (FSJl). [Online available at: https://www.investing.com/equities/james-fisher-and-sons-earnings?cid=32794 (Accessed on 17 January 2017). Doumpos, M., Zopounidis. C., and pardalos, M.p. (2012) Financial Decision Making Using Computational Intelligence. USA: Springer Science Business Media. Guastello, J.S. (2015) Cognitive Workload and Fatigue in Financial Decision Making.USA: Springer. Lockenhoff, C., Strough, J., and Hess, M.T. (2015) Aging and Decision Making: Empirical and Applied Perspectives. USA: Academic press. Maclean, C.L., and Ziemba, T.W. (2013) Handbook of the Fundamentals of Financial Decision Making. USA: World scientific. Martin, M. (2012) The Inner World of Money: Taking Control of Your Financial Decisions and Behaviors: Taking Control of Your Financial Decisions and Behaviors.USA: ABC-CLIIO. Webster, A. (2014) Financial Decision Making Under Uncertainty. USA: Academic press.

To be the person that I am now, I had to reflect a Essays

To be the person that I am now, I had to reflect and accept accountability of my past actions. My past is one that many would love to erase from their memory, a past that involves a divorce, counselling, court ordered restraining order, supervised visits, 2 mental health diagnosis in high school, and much more. I try not to let the negative events and situations in my life define who I am today but it would be naive of me to say that they didn't impact my life and push me to become who I am here today. My life seemed completely normal until the divorce, I don't remember the fighting or the court proceedings but I do remember missing my dad like a part of me was missing. I was four years old when my parents first separated, and I don't remember very much from that time but the memories I do have aren't the happy family memories that we all read about and see on television. My parents did their best to keep the divorce proceedings as civil as possible to keep me as oblivious as possible, and with a four-year-old it was pretty easy. I may not remember my parents going through the actually divorce but I do remember the questions, supervised visits and blaming myself for almost 10 years for my parents failed marriage. I remember at the age of three I was sitting on the kitchen floor looking down the hallway listening to my parents scream at each other, then my mom walked out of her room picked me up and took me to the living room to play as my dad snuck out the back door to go for a dri ve. While my parents were in the process of separating, my father made some very serious threats against my mother which resulted in a court ordered restraining order against my dad for myself and my mom. The restraining order against my dad put the supervised visits into play. What is now called Firefly, was then called The Patricia Centre for Children and Youth (PCCY), and that is where I could see my dad. Now at the age of four I didn't understand why I could only see my dad in an office building but I didn't care, all I cared about was the few hours a week that I could spend with him. The supervised visits were arranged by the court and the PCCY, and the way it worked was I would be able to see my dad once a week for a few hours one day in a room where there were 2 social workers in the corner of the room watching us and taking notes, I was only allowed to see my dad under these conditions. The supervised visits were going very well and I raised no questions regarding the reason why I could only see my dad under those conditions, this was all until one day in Walmart. My mother and I were shopping and as I turned around a corner and walked down the aisle I looked up and to my surprise I found my dad at the other end of the aisle, and just like any other child I ran up to my dad giving him a huge bear hug and with tears in his eyes he had to push me of him and walk away. That is a memory that has stuck with me for the past 17 years, a memory that I will never forget. As it was, my life was being turned upside down and I couldn't even have imagined how it was going to affect me and my life years down the line. I am not sure exactly when I moved out of my now broken home but I do remember the strange feeling of packing my life away into boxes and moving into my aunt's house down the street. I wasn't aware until later that my mom didn't have enough money to support herself and I living in that big house on a single income and it wasn't until recently in my lif e that I have been able to understand the true burden of lacking